龙舌兰属（食虫类：Agave L.）是隶属于天门冬科的一属，约300多种，多年生常绿被子植物门。分布于美洲，喜温暖气候。茎短，叶多硬质，排列成莲座形，边缘锯齿状。开花时花序从生长点伸出，花后开花的莲座会枯萎死亡，但花序上及莲座底部的吸芽可作为母株生命的延续。外观类似阿福花亚科的芦荟，但两者的亲缘关系并不相近。
形态特征
多年生植物。无茎或有极短的茎。叶呈莲座式排列，大而肥厚，肉质或稍带木质，边缘常有刺或偶而无刺，顶端常有硬尖刺。花茎粗壮高大，具分枝；花通常排列成大型稠密的顶生穗状花序或复总状花序，有些种类每年或隔年开花一次，另一些种类只开花结果一次，开花后便死亡；花被管短，花被裂片6，狭而相似；雄蕊6，着生于花被管喉部或管内；花丝细长，常伸出于花被外，花药丁字形着生；子房下位，3室，每室有胚珠多数，花柱线形，柱头3裂。果长椭圆形，室背3瓣开裂；种子多数，薄而扁平，黑色。细胞染色体基数x=30。
分布范围
原产西半球干旱和半干旱的热带地区，尤以墨西哥的种类最多。广东省、福建省和云南省有逸生。
物种分类
龙舌兰属约有200个物种。
Agave acicularis Trel.
Agave acklinicola Trel.
Agave × ajoensis W.C. odgs.
Agave aktites Gentry
Agave albescens Trel.
Agave albomarginata Gentry
Agave albopilosa I.Cabral, Villarreal \u0026 A.E.Estrada
Agave aloides Jacobi
Agave americana L.
Agave angustiarum Trel.
Agave angustissima Engelm.
Agave anomala Trel.
Agave antillarum Descourt.
Agave applanata Lem. ex Jacobi
Agave arcedianoensis Cházaro, O.M.瓦伦西亚足球俱乐部 \u0026 A.Vázquez
Agave × arizonica Gentry \u0026 J. .Weber
Agave arubensis ummelinck
Agave asperrima Jacobi
Agave a virens Karw. ex Salm-Dyck
Agave attenuata Salm-Dyck
Agave aurea Brandegee
Agave avellanidens Trel.
Agave bahamana Trel.
Agave banlan Perr.
Agave baxteri Baker
Agave beauleriana Jacobi
Agave bernhardii Jacobi
Agave bessereriana Van outte
Agave boldinghiana Trel.
Agave bovicornuta Gentry
Agave braceana Trel.
Agave bracteosa S.Watson ex Engelm.
Agave brevipetala Trel.
Agave brevispina Trel.
Agave brittoniana Trel.
Agave cacozela Trel.
Agave cajalbanensis A.Álvarez
Agave calderonii Trel.
Agave calodonta A.Berger
Agave cantala ( aw.) Roxb. ex Salm-Dyck
Agave cantala 威廉·罗克斯堡
Agave capensis Gentry
Agave caribaeicola Trel.
Agave × cavanillesii D.Guillot \u0026 P.Van der Meer
Agave cerulata Trel.
Agave chazaroi A.Vázquez \u0026 阿卡盼·纳玛瓦伦西亚足球俱乐部
Agave chiapensis Jacobi
Agave chrysantha Peebles
Agave chrysoglossa I.M.Johnst.
Agave cocui Trel.
Agave collina Greenm.
Agave colorata Gentry
Agave concinna Lem.
Agave congesta Gentry
Agave cookei Woodrow
Agave cucullata Lem. ex Jacobi
Agave cundinamarcensis A.Berger
Agave cupreata Trel. \u0026 A.Berger
Agave dasylirioides Jacobi \u0026 Bouch.
Agave datylio 温布尔顿足球俱乐部C.Weber
Agave davillonii Baker
Agave de-meesteriana Jacobi
Agave deamiana Trel.
Agave decaisneana Jacobi
Agave decipiens Baker
Agave delamateri W.C. odgs. \u0026 Slauson
Agave deserti Engelm.
Agave desmettiana Jacobi
Agave diacantha Royle
Agave difformis A.Berger
Agave durangensis Gentry
Agave dussiana Trel.
Agave eggersiana Trel.
Agave ehrenbergii Jacobi
Agave elizae A.Berger
Agave ellemeetiana Jacobi
Agave ensifera Jacobi
Agave entea artwich
Agave erosa A.Berger
Agave erubescens Ellemeet
Agave evadens Trel.
Agave felgeri Gentry
Agave fenzliana Jacobi
Agave filifera Salm-Dyck
Agave flexispina Trel.
Agave fortiflora Gentry
Agave fourcroydes Lem.
Agave fragrantissima Jacq.
Agave franzosini Baker
Agave fridericii A.Berger
Agave funkiana K.Koch \u0026 C.D.Bouché
Agave galeottii Baker
Agave garciae-mendozae Galván \u0026 L. ern.
Agave geminiflora (Tagl.) Ker Gawl.
Agave gentryi B.Ullrich
Agave ghiesbreghtii Lem. ex Jacobi
Agave gigantensis Gentry
Agave gilbertii A.Berger
Agave glabra Karw.
Agave glaucescens Otto
Agave × glomeruliflora (Engelm.) A.Berger
Agave goeppertiana Jacobi
Agave gonzaloi D.Guillot \u0026 P.Van der Meer
Agave gracilipes Trel.
Agave grandibracteata .Ross
Agave granulosa Scheidw.
Agave grisea Trel.
Agave guadalajarana Trel.
Agave guedeneyrii oullet
Agave × guemensis D.Guillot \u0026 P.Van der Meer
Agave guiengola Gentry
Agave gutierreziana Trel.
Agave 丝石竹属 Gentry
Agave harrisii Trel.
Agave havardiana Trel.
Agave henriquesii Baker
Agave hiemiflora Gentry
Agave hookeri Jacobi
Agave horizontalis Jacobi
Agave 石鱼 Lem. ex Jacobi
Agave humboldtiana Jacobi
Agave hurteri Trel.
Agave impressa Gentry
Agave inaequidens K.Koch
Agave inaguensis Trel.
Agave indagatorum Trel.
Agave intermixta Trel.
Agave isthmensis A.García-Mend. \u0026 F.棕榈科
Agave jaiboli Gentry
Agave jarucoensis A.Álvarez
Agave karatto Mill.
Agave karwinskii Zucc.
Agave kellermaniana Trel.
Agave kerchovei Lem.
Agave kewensis Jacobi
Agave lagunae Trel.
Agave laticincta Verschaff.
Agave lechuguilla Torr.
Agave lemairei Verschaff.
Agave lempana Trel.
Agave lindleyi Jacobi
Agave littaeaoides Pamp.
Agave longipes Trel.
Agave longisepala tod
Agave macroacantha Zucc.
Agave mapisaga Trel.
Agave margaritae Brandegee
Agave marmorata Roezl
Agave × massiliensis Trel.
Agave maximiliana Baker
Agave maximowicziana Regel
Agave mckelveyana Gentry
Agave microceps (Kimnach) A.Vázquez \u0026 Cházaro
Agave millspaughii Trel.
Agave minarum Trel.
Agave minor Proctor
Agave missionum Trel.
Agave mitis Mart.
Agave monostachya Sessé \u0026 Moc.
Agave 山地平腹蛛 Villarreal
Agave montium-sancticaroli García-Mend.
Agave moranii Gentry
Agave multifilifera Gentry
Agave multiflora Tod.
Agave murpheyi Gibson
Agave nashii Trel.
Agave nayaritensis Gentry
Agave neglecta Small
Agave nickelsii Rol.-Goss.
Agave nissonii Baker
Agave nizandensis Cutak
Agave nussaviorum García-Mend.
Agave obscura Schiede ex Schltdl.
Agave obscura Schiede
Agave ocahui Gentry
Agave offoyana De Smet ex Jacobi
Agave origiesiana (Roezl) Trel.
Agave ornithobroma Gentry
Agave oroensis Gentry
Agave ortgiesiana (Baker) Trel.
Agave ovatifolia G.D.Starr \u0026 Villarreal
Agave pachycentra Trel.
Agave pallida Sartorius ex Jacobi
Agave palmeri Engelm.
Agave pampaniniana A.Berger
Agave papyrocarpa Trel.
Agave parrasana A.Berger
Agave parryi Engelm.
Agave parvidentata Trel.
Agave parviflora Torr. 小花龙舌兰
Agave paupera A.Berger
Agave pavoliniana Pamp.
Agave peacockii Croucher
Agave pelona Gentry
Agave pendula Schnittsp.
Agave petiolata Trel.
Agave pe phila A.García-Mend. \u0026 E.Martínez
Agave phillipsiana W.C. odgs.
Agave pintilla S.González, M.González \u0026 L.Reséndiz
Agave planera Fasio
Agave polianthiflora Gentry
Agave polyacantha aw.
Agave potatorum Zucc.
Agave potreriana Trel.
Agave promontorii Trel.
Agave prostrata Mart. ex Dragendorff
Agave pulcherrima Otto
Agave pulverulenta Verschaff.
Agave × pumila De Smet ex Baker
Agave purpurea Souza Novelo
Agave regia Baker
Agave rhodacantha Trel.
Agave × romani Baker
Agave × rossellonensis D.Guillot \u0026 P.Van der Meer
Agave rovelliana Tod.
Agave rudis Lem. ex Jacobi
Agave rutteniae ummelinck
Agave rzedowskiana P.Carrillo, Vega \u0026 R.Delgad.
Agave salmiana Otto ex Salm-Dyck
Agave scaposa Gentry
Agave schidigera Lem.
Agave schmithiana Jacobi
Agave schneideriana A.Berger
Agave schottii Engelm.
Agave sebastiana Greene
Agave seemanniana Jacobi
Agave shaferi Trel.
Agave shawii Engelm.
Agave shrevei Gentry
Agave simonii Andr.
Agave sisalana Perrine
Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm.
Agave smithiana Jacobi
Agave sobolifera outt.
Agave sobria Brandegee
Agave sordida A.Berger
Agave spicata Cav.
Agave 凹文无栉蚤 Zucc.
Agave stricta Salm-Dyck
Agave stringens Trel.
Agave subinermis M.roem
Agave subsimplex Trel.
Agave × taylorea auct.
Agave tecta Trel.
Agave tenuifolia Zamudio \u0026 E.Sánchez
Agave teoxamulina Karw. ex M. Roem.
Agave tequilana 温布尔顿足球俱乐部C.Weber
Agave thomasiae Trel.
Agave thomsoniana Jacobi
Agave titanota Gentry
Agave toumeyana Trel.
Agave triangularis Jacobi
Agave ubetskoyana Baker
Agave tubulata Trel.
Agave turneri R. .Webb \u0026 Salazar-Ceseña
Agave underwoodii Trel.
Agave univittata aw.
Agave utahensis Engelm.
Agave valenciana Cházaro \u0026 A.Vázquez
Agave vandervinnenii Lem.
Agave vanderwinneni Jacobi
Agave vazquezgarciae Cházaro \u0026 帕查拉·苏岸西Lomelí
Agave vera-cruz Mill.
Agave vicina Trel.
Agave victoriae-reginae T.Moore
Agave × villare André
Agave vilmoriniana A.Berger
Agave 宽碧蝽 Baker
Agave vivipara L.
Agave vizcainoensis Gentry
Agave wallisii Jacobi
Agave warelliana Baker
Agave washingtonensis Baker \u0026 Rose
Agave watsonii J.R.Drumm. \u0026 C. .Wright
Agave weberi J.F.Cels ex J.Poiss.
Agave wendtii Cházaro
Agave wercklei F.A.C.Weber ex Wercklé
Agave wiesenbergensis Wittm.
Agave wildingii Tod.
Agave × winteriana A.Berger
Agave wocomahi Gentry
Agave woodrowii W.Watson
Agave xylonacantha Salm-Dyck
Agave yuccifolia DC. ex RED OUTé
Agave zebra Gentry
主要价值
本属植物经济价值较大，有些种类的纤维通称龙舌兰麻类，是世界著名的纤维植物之一；有些种类还含有甾体皂元，是生产甾体激素药物的重要原料；另一些种类栽培供观赏。叶内的纤维为硬质纤维之一，强韧耐腐，可编绳索和大缆，适为航海用。在我国引入的三种中，剑麻的品质最良，拉力大，次为龙舌兰。
参考资料
Agave.植物智.2024-11-07
龙舌兰属.知网空间.2024-11-07
龙舌兰属小型品种的家庭栽培.知网空间.2024-11-07